FEATURES OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN EASTERN PODILLIA: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL APPROACHES

Abstract

Biotic diversity (BD) is the basis for the formation of a holistic, structured, unique, self-regulating and self-renewing biotic system that performs key planetary functions. In essence, it is the history of the endless development of diversity of forms at different levels of its organisation (genetic, population-species, coenotic, ecosystem) and life functions as a single, holistic, unique planetary phenomenon. The unity and continuity of forms and functions necessitate the preservation of BD. However, the entire process of human development has been aimed at disrupting this integrity, as it has taken place at its expense. This has been particularly evident in the current stage of the technological revolution, when the rate of anthropogenic changes in vegetation cover, ecosystems and landscapes has exceeded the rate of natural evolution, and a number of negative actions (the greenhouse effect, desertification, ozone holes, acid rain, smog, pollution with toxic compounds, anthropogenic transformation of natural landscapes, military conflicts) have taken on global significance. It has become clear that the catastrophic loss of biodiversity, which is the most important component of the biosphere, the sociosphere, the "ecosystem fund" and "natural capital", is the greatest threat to society. The reduction in biodiversity is a consequence of the increase in areas dominated by humans (urbicultural and agroecosystems), the decline in the productivity of natural ecosystems, the disruption of small-scale nutrient cycles, the breakdown of food chains and links between organisms, and the deterioration of the socio-economic living conditions of the population