Comparative analysis of centralised scheduling and decentralised coordination in modern distributed systems

Abstract

This article conceptually contrasts main models that are used by Modern distributed systems, focusing on queue structures, fairness guarantees, system throughput, and tail-latency behaviour. A conceptual comparison of centralised scheduling, decentralised coordinationand blockchain-backed coordination logs was done, where analysis examines key dimensions, including queue structure, fairness mechanisms, throughput behaviour and the impact of tail latency under varying system loads. A comparative table, was created, summarises advantages and limitations of each approach, highlighting the trade-offs between optimality, scalability, and operational complexity.